Tag Archives: vm

Windows 10 – VMWare Disk cleanup and shrink

Simple batch script to run as Administrator in order to cleanup the disk, defrag and shrink.

Please note that the shrink works only if the VMWare tools are installed on the guest VM.

@ECHO OFF
REM Make sure to run the script as Administrator
whoami /groups | find "S-1-16-12288" > nul

if %errorlevel% == 0 (
 echo Welcome, Admin
) else (
 echo You must run this script as Administrator. Aborting...
 goto EOF
)

REM Enable components to cleanup
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Active Setup Temp Folders" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\BranchCache" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Downloaded Program Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\GameNewsFiles" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\GameStatisticsFiles" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\GameUpdateFiles" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Internet Cache Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Memory Dump Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Offline Pages Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Old ChkDsk Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Previous Installations" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Recycle Bin" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Service Pack Cleanup" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Setup Log Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\System error memory dump files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\System error minidump files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Temporary Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Temporary Setup Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Temporary Sync Files" /V StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Thumbnail Cache" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Update Cleanup" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Upgrade Discarded Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\User file versions" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Windows Defender" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Windows Error Reporting Archive Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Windows Error Reporting Queue Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Windows Error Reporting System Archive Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Windows Error Reporting System Queue Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Windows ESD installation files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
REG ADD "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VolumeCaches\Windows Upgrade Log Files" /v StateFlags0100 /d 2 /t REG_DWORD /f
 
REM Run cleanup
IF EXIST %SystemRoot%\SYSTEM32\cleanmgr.exe START /WAIT cleanmgr /sagerun:100

echo *** DEFRAGGING DRIVES ***
echo DEFRAG C:
defrag c: -f

if not exist "C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools" goto NOVMWARE
echo.
echo *** SHRINKING DRIVES ***
cd "C:\Program Files\VMware\VMware Tools\"
VMwareToolboxCmd.exe disk shrink c:\

if not exist D: goto NODDRIVESHRINK
VMwareToolboxCmd.exe disk shrink D:\
:NODDRIVESHRINK
:NOVMWARE


echo *** SHUTTING DOWN ***
shutdown -s -t 30

:EOF
echo Terminating script
pause

Save this content in a .bat file and… enjoy it!

MAC – Auto mount shares at Login

There are multiple ways to make your mac mounting shares at login.
What I was trying to achieve is mounting Documents, Desktop and all the main data folders shared from my Linux host machine into my MAC VM.

And yes, I’m running MAC OS within a VMWare Virtual Machine from an Ubuntu computer.

Here the way that worked for me 🙂

Create a bash script called mount_all.sh with all your lines and I have stored it into /Users/macuser:

#!/bin/bash

sudo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/Desktop /Users/macuser/Desktop
sudo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/Documents /Users/macuser/Documents
sudo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/Downloads /Users/macuser/Downloads
sudo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/Movies /Users/macuser/Movies
sudo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/Music /Users/macuser/Music
sudo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/Pictures /Users/macuser/Pictures

Than, I have created the following file in /Library/LaunchAgents/ (as root) called com.vmware.launchd.z-custom-mount.plist:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple Computer//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
   <key>Label</key>
   <string>com.vmware.custom-mount</string>
   <key>Program</key>
   <string>/Users/macuser/mount_all.sh</string>
   <key>RunAtLoad</key>
   <true/>
</dict>
</plist>

After, I have verified that the syntax was ok with this plutil command:

root:/Library/LaunchAgents # plutil com.vmware.launchd.z-custom-mount.plist
com.vmware.launchd.z-custom-mount.plist: OK

Last step is to load the file:

launchctl load com.vmware.launchd.z-custom-mount.plist

DONE!

At your next boot, once login, the script mount_all.sh will be executed 🙂

The nice thing here is that you have the flexibility to add/remove shares simply modifying that script, without really need to change any System configuration.

NOTE: I had to add this in visudo

macuser ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: /sbin/mount,/sbin/umount

Virtualbox mount host’s shares to specific guest’s paths

Settings > Shared Folders > Add New Shared Folder
Folder path: <insert_here_hosts_path>
Folder name: <name_of_the_share_on_guest>

Select “Make Permanent”.
Leave unselected “Read-only” and “Auto-mount”.

Make sure the virtual box guest tools are properly installed in the guest machine.

After that, edit /etc/fstab and add the following:

Downloads /home/myuser/Downloads	vboxsf	rw,exec,uid=1000,gid=1000,dmode=0755,fmode=0644 0 0

This is an example for a shared called “Downloads”.
This share will be mounted under /home/user/Downloads forcing uid/gid to 1000, which it will be the one related to the myuser

Create a bootable Sierra ISO for VMware

Open the Terminal app and run the following:

hdiutil attach /Applications/Install\ macOS\ Sierra.app/Contents/SharedSupport/InstallESD.dmg -noverify -nobrowse -mountpoint /Volumes/install_app
hdiutil create -o /tmp/Sierra.cdr -size 7316m -layout SPUD -fs HFS+J
hdiutil attach /tmp/Sierra.cdr.dmg -noverify -nobrowse -mountpoint /Volumes/install_build
asr restore -source /Volumes/install_app/BaseSystem.dmg -target /Volumes/install_build -noprompt -noverify -erase
rm /Volumes/OS\ X\ Base\ System/System/Installation/Packages
cp -rp /Volumes/install_app/Packages /Volumes/OS\ X\ Base\ System/System/Installation/
cp -rp /Volumes/install_app/BaseSystem.chunklist /Volumes/OS\ X\ Base\ System/BaseSystem.chunklist
cp -rp /Volumes/install_app/BaseSystem.dmg /Volumes/OS\ X\ Base\ System/BaseSystem.dmg
hdiutil detach /Volumes/install_app
hdiutil detach /Volumes/OS\ X\ Base\ System/
hdiutil convert /tmp/Sierra.cdr.dmg -format UDTO -o /tmp/Sierra.iso
mv /tmp/Sierra.iso.cdr ~/Desktop/Sierra.iso

NOTE: To have VMWare Workstation able to run MacOS X, you need to patch your version using this . If the file is no longer available, you can get a copy here.

If you want to force specific hardware parameters (like serial number etc), you need to add the following in your vmx file:

board-id.reflectHost = "FALSE"
board-id = <board-id>
hw.model.reflectHost = "FALSE"
hw.model = <product-name>
serialNumber.reflectHost = "FALSE"
serialNumber = <serial-number>
smbios.reflectHost = "FALSE"

To make sure some software like Google Music will recognise your VM, you need to apply also this change:

A) Remove these lines in the VMX file:

ethernet0.addressType = "generated"
ethernet0.generatedAddress = "xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx"
ethernet0.generatedAddressOffset = "0"

B) Add the following instead:

ethernet0.Address = "xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx"
ethernet0.addressType = "static"
ethernet0.checkMACAddress = "false"

Replace “xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx” with a real Apple MAC Address choosing from one of the listed here.

Sources:

ESXi host on D945GCLF2 Intel Atom mainboard, with NFS storage attached running on RAID1

I’ve used this procedure to create a ESXi host on D945GCLF2 Intel Atom mainboard, with RAID1 storage built in, attached to itself 😉

On that, I have at the moment 3 VMs running (minimal Debian with NFS, FreePBX machine, Debian server with a little LAMP server, SAMBA and web based torrent client)…and more resources available.

How? 🙂

“Simply”, I needed:

HARDWARE

D945GCLF2 Intel Atom mainboard
2GB or RAM DDR2 (667 or 533) in a single module
IDEtoSD adapter
4GB SD card
2 SATA Hard Drives – same capacity (I’ve used 2×2.5″ 160GB – It’s all installed in a little case)
spare SATA CD-ROM and a empty CD-ROM to burn the ESXi ISO (I had issues using a USB stick and utilities like unetbootin or similar… so I ended up with the old fashion but working systems)

SOFTWARE

ESXi 4.1 ISO – I couldn’t find a way to patch most recent ISOs. Patch is required to add support for the integrated NIC. Also 4.1 has all the required functions for this project.
Here the drivers and script to patch the ISO.
Debian net-install iso for the NFS vm.
vSphere client installed on your machine, to be able to connect to the host and copy the Debian ISO and manage the HOST.

Procedure

Patch the ISO and burn it on your blank CD.
Connect the IDEtoSD card to the single IDE channel, with the SD. This will be our “main IDE hard drive”.
Make sure to have enabled Hyper Threading Technology in the BIOS.
Connect (temporary) the SATA CD-ROM to one of the two SATA channels, with the ESXi CD in, and complete the installation on the “4GB IDE hard drive” present on the system.
Turn off the host, remove the SATA CD-ROM and connect the two hard drives to the SATA connectors.
Boot up, and create a local datastore with the remaining space of the SD (if this hasn’t been created already automatically) and call it “SD_local“. Here we will store our NFS machine which will provide NFS storage to the host.
Create the RDM devices for our minimal Debian NFS machine follow the below instructions (ensure to make a minimal/basic installation, plus ssh, initramfs-tools, mdadm, nfs-kernel-server, nfs-common, portmap. No graphic interface, no extra packages!).
Create the Debian NFS vm, share the storage using NFS, attach it to the host, and you are ready to go! 😉 The host will be ready to have VMs up and running, with their virtual hard drives stored on a redundant storage.

The scope of this is to allow the Debian NFS VM, which will be stored on the local storage called “SD_local“, to directly access the physical SATA hard drives, create a software RAID1 with them, and using NFS protocol, share the space to the ESXi host and use it to store VMs/ISOs etc.

Of course, this Debian NFS VM, and in particular the SD card, are the single point of failure of this project. But theoretically, a dd of the SD once all is configured can be a good “backup” in case of problems (and a spare 4GB SD home as well 🙂 )

ESXi – How to create a Physical RDM and attach it to a VM

1. Determine the VML ID for the SATA disks

# ls /dev/disks/ -l
-rw------- 1 root root 4041211904 May 19 20:18 t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_
-rw------- 1 root root 939524096 May 19 20:18 t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:1
-rw------- 1 root root 3097493504 May 19 20:18 t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:2
-rw------- 1 root root 4177920 May 19 20:18 t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:4
-rw------- 1 root root 262127616 May 19 20:18 t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:5
-rw------- 1 root root 262127616 May 19 20:18 t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:6
-rw------- 1 root root 115326976 May 19 20:18 t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:7
-rw------- 1 root root 299876352 May 19 20:18 t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:8
-rw------- 1 root root 160041885696 May 19 20:18 t10.ATA_____ST9160821AS_____________________________5MA57R13____________
-rw------- 1 root root 160041885696 May 19 20:18 t10.ATA_____ST9160821AS_________________________________________5MA8PT4Q
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 72 May 19 20:18 vml.010000000020202020202020202020202020202020202030204d656d6f7279 -> t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 74 May 19 20:18 vml.010000000020202020202020202020202020202020202030204d656d6f7279:1 -> t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 74 May 19 20:18 vml.010000000020202020202020202020202020202020202030204d656d6f7279:2 -> t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:2
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 74 May 19 20:18 vml.010000000020202020202020202020202020202020202030204d656d6f7279:4 -> t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 74 May 19 20:18 vml.010000000020202020202020202020202020202020202030204d656d6f7279:5 -> t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 74 May 19 20:18 vml.010000000020202020202020202020202020202020202030204d656d6f7279:6 -> t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 74 May 19 20:18 vml.010000000020202020202020202020202020202020202030204d656d6f7279:7 -> t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 74 May 19 20:18 vml.010000000020202020202020202020202020202020202030204d656d6f7279:8 -> t10.ATA_____Memory_Card_Adapter_______________________________________0_:8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 72 May 19 20:18 <span style="color: #ff0000;">vml.0100000000202020202020202020202020354d413850543451535439313630</span> -> t10.<span style="color: #0000ff;">ATA_____ST9160821AS</span>_________________________________________5MA5SS2A
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 72 May 19 20:18 <span style="color: #ff9900;">vml.0100000000354d413537523133202020202020202020202020535439313630</span> -> t10.<span style="color: #0000ff;">ATA_____ST9160821AS</span>_____________________________5MA43W02____________

2. Find the two hard drives

Highlighted in red and orange (in blue I’ve highlighted the serial number which helps to identify them as well).

3. Check the volumes available

# ls -l /vmfs/volumes drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8 Jan 1 1970 ed0aa47f-f157c36d-0295-b6663f811221 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8 Jan 1 1970 e2f7c177-db75edcf-defa-90346375bdf2 drwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8 Jan 1 1970 2da668ef-40e5d96b-90bf-855ddb9c5547 drwxr-xr-t 1 root root 1.4k May 19 21:29 4fb7f163-a1959434-4766-001cc07e74e5 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35 May 19 23:16 SD_local -> 4fb7f163-a1959434-4766-001cc07e74e5 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35 May 19 23:16 Hypervisor3 -> 2da668ef-40e5d96b-90bf-855ddb9c5547 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35 May 19 23:16 Hypervisor2 -> ed0aa47f-f157c36d-0295-b6663f811221 lrwxr-xr-x 1 root root 35 May 19 23:16 Hypervisor1 -> e2f7c177-db75edcf-defa-90346375bdf2

4. Use one of the available to create a subfolder that will contain the VMDK information for the RDM disks (using SD_local)

# cd /vmfs/volumes/SD_local/

/vmfs/volumes/4fb7f163-a1959434-4766-001cc07e74e5 # mkdir RDMs
/vmfs/volumes/4fb7f163-a1959434-4766-001cc07e74e5 # cd RDMs/

5. Create the devices

vmkfstools -z /vmfs/devices/disks/vml.0100000000202020202020202020202020354d413850543451535439313630 rmd_sata1.vmdk -a lsilogic
vmkfstools -z /vmfs/devices/disks/vml.0100000000354d413537523133202020202020202020202020535439313630 rmd_sata2.vmdk -a lsilogic

6. New RDM devices created and ready to be added to the VM

Edit the properties of an existing VM and click Add…
Select Use an existing virtual disk and click Next >
Click Browse. You now need to navigate your local datastore ([SD_local]/RMSs) and select the VMDK’s that we created
Select Permanent / Persistent > Next..
You should now see your new Hard Disk’s in your VM and vSphere will correctly identify them as Mapped Raw LUN.

7. Run your linux VM and create Linux Raid auto (FD type)

8. Create the mdX device

# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --chunk=4 --level=0 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sda1 /dev/sdb1

9. Create the filesystem and add it to `/etc/fstab`

Sources
http://www.vm-help.com/esx40i/SATA_RDMs.php
http://blog.davidwarburton.net/2010/10/25/rdm-mapping-of-local-sata-storage-for-esxi/

My notepad

Chris' IT notes…

Tag Archives: vm

Windows 10 – VMWare Disk cleanup and shrink

Virtualbox mount host’s shares to specific guest’s paths

Create a bootable Sierra ISO for VMware

ESXi host on D945GCLF2 Intel Atom mainboard, with NFS storage attached running on RAID1

Procedure

ESXi – How to create a Physical RDM and attach it to a VM

1. Determine the VML ID for the SATA disks

2. Find the two hard drives

3. Check the volumes available

4. Use one of the available to create a subfolder that will contain the VMDK information for the RDM disks (using SD_local)

5. Create the devices

6. New RDM devices created and ready to be added to the VM

7. Run your linux VM and create Linux Raid auto (FD type)

8. Create the mdX device

9. Create the filesystem and add it to `/etc/fstab`

Procedure

ESXi – How to create a Physical RDM and attach it to a VM

1. Determine the VML ID for the SATA disks

2. Find the two hard drives

3. Check the volumes available

4. Use one of the available to create a subfolder that will contain the VMDK information for the RDM disks (using SD_local)

5. Create the devices

6. New RDM devices created and ready to be added to the VM

7. Run your linux VM and create Linux Raid auto (FD type)

8. Create the mdX device

9. Create the filesystem and add it to /etc/fstab

9. Create the filesystem and add it to `/etc/fstab`